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101.
Tae Hwan Kim B. Ramachandra Jung Sik Choi M. B. Saidutta Ko Yeon Choo Sun-Dal Song Young-Woo Rhee 《Catalysis Letters》2004,98(2-3):161-165
Methanol selective oxidation to formaldehyde over a modified Fe-Mo catalyst with two different stoichiometric (Mo/Fe atomic ratio = 1.5 and 3.0) was studied experimentally in a fixed bed reactor over a wide range of reaction conditions. The physicochemical characterization of the prepared catalysts provides evidence that Fe2(MoO4)3 is in fact the active phase of the catalyst. The experimental results of conversion of methanol and selectivity towards formaldehyde for various residence times were studied. The results showed that as the residence time increases the yield of formaldehyde decreases. Selectivity of formaldehyde decreases with increase in residence time. This result is attributable to subsequent oxidation of formaldehyde to carbon monoxide due to longer residence time. 相似文献
102.
Richard Kotek Dong‐Wook Jung Joon Ho Kim Brent Smith Patricia Guzman Benjamin Schmidt 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2004,92(3):1724-1730
The surface alkaline hydrolysis of fibers made from poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) was studied after extruding the polymer at high spinning speeds from 2000 to 6000 m/min and heat setting in the range of temperatures from 100 to 180°C. Fiber weight loss increased with an increasing heat‐setting temperature but it was also dependent on the spinning speed. Some of the partially hydrolyzed fibers had a well‐developed, hydrophilic surface, and pore size in the range of 0.69 to 1.20 μm. The optimum reaction and morphological conditions for increasing porosity in PTT fibers depends on spinning speed and heat‐setting temperature. A temperature of 180°C is the upper limit for heat‐setting PTT filaments but seems to be the most effective for making porous fibers. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 1724–1730, 2004 相似文献
103.
Advances in Manufacturing Boron Carbide-Aluminum Composites 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
An infiltration method for preparing a boron carbide-aluminum (B4 C-AI) composite was modified so as to reduce the processing temperature and time. Titanium metal and titanium-based compounds were added to B4 C powders to enhance the wettability of the liquid aluminum on boron carbide skeletons. As expected, the time required for infiltration was significantly reduced on using the additives. Of these additives titanium metal was the most effective in facilitating aluminum infiltration. Another method, involving the heat treatment of boron carbide compacts at 1300°3C for 1 h before infiltration, was attempted, and a significant improvement was gained. These findings show that the treatment modified the surface condition of boron carbide powders via the removal of oxides. An additional attempt was made to increase the boron carbide content of the system by using a bimodal powder mixture. A maximum green density of 78% was achieved by mixing fine particle size and coarse particle size powders. The infiltrated boron carbide composites prepared using a bimodal powder with a preinfiltration heat treatment of the compacts exhibited promising mechanical properties, such as a Vickers hardness ( H V ) of 11 Gpa and an indentation toughness ( K IC ) in the range of 5–7.5 MPa·m1/2 . 相似文献
104.
Sweet potato pulp (SSP) obtained as a by‐product from starch extraction was blended with polycaprolactone (PCL) to prepare a biodegradable plastic material. In the blends, PCL was used as a reinforcing agent. The SPP/PCL blends were prepared by compression‐molding under high temperature and pressure, at different SPP/PCL ratios, and the mechanical properties of the molded specimens were tested. Matrix structure and thermal properties were measured by using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Mechanical properties (tensile and flexural properties) were also measured to find the most suitable ratio in a SSP/PCL blend. During compression molding of the SPP/PCL blends under high pressure and temperature, chemical reaction occurred between SPP and PCL, and thus, thermal stability and mechanical strength of the blends increased and water uptake decreased. Also, by increasing the PCL content in the blend, the matrix in the blend became more homogeneous, and consequently, mechanical strength of the molded specimen increased. At 7/3 or 6/4 weight ratio of SSP/PCL, water uptake of the molded specimen became substantially less than that at 8/2. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 861–866, 2004 相似文献
105.
Jung Joon Lee Heeyeon Kim Jae Hyun Koh Ara Jo Sang Heup Moon 《Applied catalysis. B, Environmental》2005,61(3-4):274-280
The performance of a new type of CoMoS/Al2O3 catalyst, with added fluorine and prepared by sonochemical and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods, was investigated in the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT). The catalyst, which was designed to contain optimum amounts of fluorine and cobalt, exhibited a higher activity, ca. 4.6 times higher activity particularly in the HDS of 4,6-DMDBT, than a fluorine-free catalyst prepared by a conventional impregnation method. The enhanced activity of the new catalyst can be attributed to the cumulative effects of individual factors involved in the catalyst preparation. That is, the use of a sonochemical synthesis led to a high dispersion of small MoS2 crystallites on the alumina, and the addition of the Co species to the catalyst by CVD caused a close interaction between the Co species and the MoS2 crystallites to produce numerous CoMoS species, which are the catalytically active species for HDS. The addition of fluorine increased the amounts of acidic sites in the catalyst, which promoted hydrogenation (HYD) route to a greater extent than the direct desulfurization (DDS) route in DBT HDS and both HYD and DDS routes to similar extents in the case of 4,6-DMDBT HDS. Accordingly, the addition of fluorine led to a greater increase in catalytic activity for 4,6-DMDBT HDS than for DBT HDS. 相似文献
106.
The objectives of this research are to identify the membrane fouling potential due to different fractions of NOM and correlate
the physicochemical properties of NOM and membranes with the adsorption of humic substances on membrane and investigate the
mechanism of coagulation affecting UF, and find the optimum conditions of the combined of coagulation with UF membrane filtration
for NOM removal. For Nakdong river water, the humic acid fraction was the most reactive precursor fraction for the formation
of the ratio of THMFP/DOC (STHMFP) and TOXFP/DOC (STOXFP). The result of adsorption kinetics tests showed that hydrophobic
organics adsorbed much more quickly than hydrophilic organics on both membranes. Thus, hydrophobic compounds exhibited a preferential
adsorption onto membrane. In case of the effect of membrane properties on the adsorption of organic fractions, the adsorption
ratio (C1/Ce) was greater for the hydrophobic membrane than for the hydrophilic membrane regardless of the kind of organic fractions.
For combined coagulation with membrane process, flux reduction rate showed lower than the UF process alone. Also, the rate
of flux decline for the hydrophobic membrane was considerably greater than for the hydrophilic membrane. Applying the coagulation
process before membrane filtration showed not only reduced membrane fouling, but also improved removal of dissolved organic
materials that might otherwise not be removed by the membrane. That is, during the mixing period, substantial changes in particle
size distribution occurred under rapid and slow mixing conditions due to the simultaneous formation of microflocs and NOM
precipitates. Therefore, combined pretreatment using coagulation (both rapid mixing and slow mixing) improved not only dissolved
organic removal efficiency but also DBP (Disinfection By-Product) precursor's removal efficiency. 相似文献
107.
Free radical solution polymerization of styrene has been studied using a binary mixture of symmetrical bifunctional initiators in a filled tubular reactor packed with static mixers. Owing to intensive radial mixing induced by the static mixers, a near plug flow pattern was obtained in the reactor with some axial dispersion effect. The axial mass dispersion coefficient was determined from the residence time distribution experiment and a dynamic axial dispersion model has been developed and solved to investigate steady state and transient behavior of the filled tubular reactor. With a solvent volume fraction of 0.3, the monomer conversion up to 70% was obtained without fouling problems in the temperature range 90 to 120°C. The experimental filled tubular reactor was operated under various reaction conditions and a reasonably good agreement between the model and the experimental data was obtained without using any adjustable parameters. 相似文献
108.
Zinc vaporization of Mn-Zn ferrites was quantitatively characterized in terms of oxygen partial pressure P O2 , temperature, grain size and sample geometry. The amount of zinc loss was measured as a function of time at various temperatures by a thermogravimetric method. The weight loss due to irreversible zinc vaporization showed a linear behavior with time and increased exponentially with temperature. The observed weight loss due to zinc evaporation at 1100°C was small, whereas a significant weight change was detected at 1200°C. The weight loss was even greater in a reducing atmosphere ( P O2 = 5 × 10−5 ). Below 1300°C, the diffusion of elemental zinc was sufficiently fast to compensate the zinc loss at the interface region, resulting in a linear dependence on time. At temperatures ≥1400°C, the weight change no longer followed the linear dependence and showed a rather parabolic behavior with a concave upward slope. The core shape and the gas flow around ferrite cores were important factors that affected the rate of zinc vaporization, but not the grain size. 相似文献
109.
The thermal and thermomechanical properties of two series of poly(ethylene oxide) networks (NPEOs) were investigated as a function of the chain length between crosslink sites (Mc) and the concentration of LiClO4 (CL) in the NPEOs. The two series of networks were produced with silica and organic crosslinking agents and, therefore, had crosslink sites of different natures: one was an inorganic silicate network (silica NPEO), and the other was an organic polar group (organic NPEO). The crosslink sites in both series of networks were commonly covalently bonded to the poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) phase through a urethane group in the NPEOs. The glass‐transition temperatures (Tg's) of the PEO phases in the NPEOs, according to differential scanning calorimetry, increased with a decrease in Mc and were higher in the silica NPEOs than in the organic NPEOs under the same Mc conditions. The difference in Tg between the two series of networks with the same Mc values increased with decreasing Mc. These results suggested that the interaction of crosslink sites with the PEO phase was stronger in the silica NPEOs than in the organic NPEOs. The addition of LiClO4 to the NPEOs resulted in Tg of the PEO phase in the NPEOs being elevated and increased according to the increase in CL. The increase of Tg of the PEO phase according to the increase of CL in the NPEOs was retarded or saturated at high values of CL, and this indicated that the limit of solubility of the salt in the polymer was attained. The retardation or saturation of the increase of Tg was also observed in dynamic mechanical analyses. The curves of the loss factor tan δ and temperatures from the dynamic mechanical analyses for the NPEOs with high values of CL showed shoulders or double peaks indicating the existence of the second phase in the polymer networks. In the curves of tan δ for salt‐complexed NPEOs with high values of CL, silica NPEOs showed a shoulder of low intensity, but organic NPEOs showed a distinguished second peak becoming stronger with increasing CL. The results of the Tg behavior and tan δ curves suggested that the salt solubility in the NPEOs was limited and that the salt solubility of PEO in the silica NPEOs was higher than that in the organic NPEOs. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 270–277, 2003 相似文献
110.
Sang-Chul Jung Sun-Jae Kim Nobuyuki Imaishi Yong-Ick Cho 《Applied catalysis. B, Environmental》2005,55(4):253-257
TiO2 photocatalyst films having an anatase crystal structure with different thickness were prepared by the low-pressure metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (LPMOCVD) to examine the effect of growth conditions on photocatalytic activity. Film thickness was linearly proportional to the deposition time. Structure of the film was strongly dependent on the deposition time. In early stage of deposition, fine particles deposit on the substrate. As increasing the deposition time, crystal orientation is gradually selected following the Kolmogorov model and c-axis oriented columnar crystals become dominant. The photocatalytic activity strongly depends on the film deposition time (or film thickness) in nonlinear way. The optimum thickness of TiO2 catalyst film grown by LPMOCVD may locate between 3 and 5 μm. 相似文献